Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Pregnancyinduced Hypertension in Nepal: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies

  • Dhan Bahadur Shrestha Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
  • Pravash Budhathoki Department of Internal Medicine, Bronxcare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-5417
  • Kiran Malbul Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Srijana Katwal Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Saroj Kumar Jha Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Roshni Prajapati Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchok, Nepal
  • Ayushi Srivastava Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Ganesh Dangal Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Gehanath Baral Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Kathmandu University, Nepal

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension is a major cause of global maternal mortality and morbidity. This review was conducted to fulfill the objective of evaluating the status of pregnancy induced hypertension in Nepal.
Methods: The protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020211210). Pubmed, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus and Pubmed Central were searched using appropriate keywords for relevant studies. Data analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 3. Forest plot was used to visualize the prevalence and risk factors of Pregnancy induced hypertension. Random effect model was used and the level of heterogeneity was high. Joanna Briggins Institute bias assessment tool was used for the analysis of bias in the included studies.
Results: Twenty studies were included in the review. The pooled prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were 2.6% (95% CI, 1.2%-5.3%) and 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-1.1%) respectively. The majority of cases were young women and had not complete or unbooked antenatal visits. Cesarean delivery was the most common mode of deliveries in 50% of deliveries (proportion, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.40-0.60) among patients with PIH followed by vaginal deliveries in 43.1% (proportion, 0.431; 95% CI, 0.336-0.532); and rest 6.9% were vacuum/forceps assisted deliveries (proportion, 0.069; 95% CI, 0.050-0.093). Common maternal complications were abruption in 6.56% of Pregnancy induced hypertension cases, rest were pulmonary embolism, renal injury.
Conclusions: The prevalence of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Nepal were 2.6% and 0.5%. Younger woman and women with poor antenatal checkups had increased risk of Pregnancy induced hypertension. Cesarean delivery was the most common route of delivery and common maternal complications were abruption placenta, pulmonary embolism, renal injury etc.
Keywords: Eclampsia; hypertension; maternal mortality; Nepal; pre-eclampsia; pregnancy-induced

Published
2021-09-06
How to Cite
ShresthaD. B., BudhathokiP., MalbulK., KatwalS., Jha S. K., PrajapatiR., SrivastavaA., DangalG., & BaralG. (2021). Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcome of Pregnancyinduced Hypertension in Nepal: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence Studies. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 19(2), 221-229. https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i2.3589