Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease, Its Risk Factors and Outcome in Nepal: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • Dhan Bahadur Shrestha Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
  • Pravash Budhathoki Department of Internal Medicine, Bronxcare Health System, Bronx, NY, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8856-5417
  • Yub Raj Sedhai Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1755-5489
  • Ramkaji Baniya Hospitalist; Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center; Baton Rouge, LA, USA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4654-3169
  • Suman Gaire Palpa Hospital, Palpa, Nepal
  • Yuvraj Adhikari Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Anupama Marasini Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Shakar Bhandari Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
  • Arun Sedhain Department of Medicine, Nephrology unit, Chitwan Medical College, Bharatpur-10, Chitwan, Nepal https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-9096
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i2.3302

Abstract

Background: Hypertension, diabetes, glomerulonephritis, obesity, and family history of kidney diseases are major risk factors for chronic kidney disease. Due to the paucity of data on a national level regarding the prevalence, risk factors, and complications of chronic kidney disease, we performed this meta-analysis.
Methods: We searched online databases from January 2000 till October 2020. Two reviewers screened articles using Covidence software. Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software version 3 was used for data analysis.
Results: Among chronic kidney disease patients, 35.96% were found to have high LDL, 34.22% had hypercholesterolemia, 39.18% had hypertriglyceridemia, and 42.23% had low HDL. Pigmentary changes were reported in 37.71%, pruritus in 30.96%; and xerosis in 48.55%. Among the reported nail problems, the brown nail was reported in 7.19%, half and half nail in 6.07%, and white nail in 20.65%.
Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease among high-risk cohorts in Nepal was significant among risk group with hypertension and diabetes being the most common risk factors. The most common stage of chronic kidney disease was Stage V, and the common complications were skin problems and dyslipidemia.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; glomerulonephritis; hypercholesterolemia; hypertension; hypertriglyceridemia; renal insufficiency chronic; risk factors

Published
2021-09-06
How to Cite
ShresthaD. B., BudhathokiP., SedhaiY. R., BaniyaR., GaireS., AdhikariY., MarasiniA., BhandariS., & SedhainA. (2021). Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease, Its Risk Factors and Outcome in Nepal: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Nepal Health Research Council, 19(2), 230-238. https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v19i2.3302
Issue
Vol. 19 No. 2 (2021): Vol 19 No 2 Issue 51 Apr-Jun 2021
Section
Review Article

Copyright (c) 2021 Dhan Bahadur Shrestha, Pravash Budhathoki, Yub Raj Sedhai, Ramkaji Baniya, Suman Gaire, Yuvraj Adhikari, Anupama Marasini, Shakar Bhandari, Arun Sedhain

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council JNHRC allows to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles and allow readers to use them for any other lawful purpose. Copyright is retained by author. The JNHRC work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).